Balancing Energy and Biogenic Carbon Content

Important: the Energy and Biogenic Carbon Content Features are under development. The way it currently works will likely evolve in the coming weeks. For now, energy balancing does not have an option for "Balance in same LCA stage", which may lead to the need for some manual balancing. This article will be updated on a continuous basis as the tool is refined.

 

Energy and Biogenic carbon theory

 

An important consideration in Product LCA modelling is energy (PERM & PENRM) and biogenic carbon content balancing. This is required for all materials that contain energy and/or biogenic carbon as an inherent property.

 

Energy carriers are organic materials which have a calorific value, and so produce energy when they are incinerated. For example, wood (renewable) and plastics (non-renewable). Materials with biogenic carbon content include wood, paper, cardboard, etc.

 

Both energy and biogenic carbon content balancing should be done in the life cycle stage where these materials leave the system, i.e., go to waste treatment. For materials where energy or biogenic carbon content does not come from the material itself (usually coming from upstream processes), for example metals, the balancing should be done in the same life cycle stage the material enters the system.

 

Balancing Energy and Biogenic Carbon

 

There are two possibilities for energy and biogenic carbon balancing:

• Manual balancing
• Automatic balancing

Manual balancing

Manual balancing is done by adding balancing datapoints when materials containing energy and/or biogenic carbon as an inherent property are leaving the system. This requires finding the values for biogenic carbon and energy in the datacards to ensure the right balance.

More details about manual balancing can be found in the Academy course, including an example model (commercial user access only).

Automatic balancing

The feature can be used for automatically balancing the biogenic carbon content and energy, and can be found in the material input row by scrolling to the right of your screen, as shown below. 

Four different options are available:

1a. Balance in EOL (C3, C4): to balance at end of life, where the product is sent for reuse, recycling, or energy recovery (C3) and/or disposal (C4). To be used for input materials only. Example: wooden material in A1 Manufacturing materials.
1b. Balance in Installation (A5): this is only available for packaging materials input in A3, which are usually leaving the system in A5. To be used for input packaging only. Example: pallet in A3 Packaging materials
2. Balance in the same LCA stage*: this is to be used in all other cases. It is selected for balancing materials that enter and leave in same stage, e.g., ancillary materials (A3), for all output materials, e.g., EOL processes themselves, as well as transport, energy, or where biogenic carbon content is not an inherent property of the material itself. Example: Steel production A1, Electricity production A3, Transported mass A4, Treatment of waste wood C3/C4, etc.
3. Do nothing: this is the default setting, only for cases where balancing has been done manually.

* Not currently available for energy balancing

Example: in A1 raw materials you input 1 kg of "Glued laminated timber production". This material will leave the system in C3 "Treatment of waste wood, untreated, municipal incineration"

Select "Balance in EoL" in the A1 raw material resource, allocating 100% to module C3 for both Biogenic carbon balancing (shown below) and Energy as material balancing.

Then add "Treatment of waste wood, untreated, municipal incineration" as the output process in C3 and select "Balance in the same LCA stage" for this process.

As mentioned, "Balance in the same LCA stage" is not currently available for energy balancing, however, it may not be necessary for "Treatment of..." data points which usually do not have values for PERM or PENRM.

 

Please note that if you have a production loss % added in A1, this quantity will automatically be balanced in A3 Manufacturing.

If you are working with construction groups, the group should be set to "Do nothing".

If you have any questions about using this feature, please don't hesitate to Contact Us.